List of 89 angiosperms genera not endemic to Brazil but which in the country have only exclusive species; the genera with more species in Brazil are Huberia (32) and Symphyopappus (13). In parentheses the number of endemic in Brazil ✕ South Americans species absents in Brazil.
Cinnamodendron (Canellaceae - 6 ✕ 2) - 4 spp. in the West Indies (Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica and Dominican Republic, one each), 8 in tropical South America, all single nation endemics, in Venezuela (1), Suriname (1) and SE Brazil (6).
Manekia (Piperaceae - 1 ✕ 2) - three spp. of vines in this genus, M. incurva widely from Caribbean to Costa Rica, Venezuela and Peru; M. urbanii rare endemic to Haiti; and M. obtusa endemic to Atlantic Forests of SE & S Brazil.
Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae - 8 ✕ 23) - 250 spp., 31 in New World; five groups in Neotropics, the Curviramea group consists of nine species, one from Guyana and E Venezuela, and the eight Brazilian species, all endemics
Williamodendron (Lauraceae - 3 ✕ 1) - 5 spp., infrequently collected, one known from Costa Rica, another from N Colombia, and three in forested areas in southern Brazil.
MONOCOTS
Zomicarpella (Araceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., Z. amazonica Bogner in Amazon rainforest of N Brazil and Z. maculata N.E. Br. in Colombia.
Harperocallis (Tofieldiaceae - 1 ✕ 9) - 11 sp. of yellow-flowered herbs, one in Apalachicola region of Florida, USA, four in northern Andes, and six in Guiana Complex, with H. paniculata (L.M. Campb.) L.M. Campb. & Dorr. known only of Brazilian side of Mount Neblina, in montane open vegatation.
Lacandonia (Triuridaceae - 1 ✕ 0) - two spp., L. schismatica E. Martínez & Ramos in lowland rainforsts in Chiapas state in Mexico, and L. brasiliana A. Melo & M. Alves in lowlands in Atlantic Forest in Paraiba and W Ceara state in NE Brazil
Phalocallis (Iridaceae - 2 ✕ 1) - three spp., two endemics to S Brazil, and P. oreophila (Speg.) Ravenna in Bolivia and Cono Sur.
Chysis (Orchidaceae - 1 ✕ 2) - 10 spp., 7 only from Mexico and Central America, one from Mexico to Bolivia, one only in Colombia and Venezuela, and Chysis guimaraensis Benelli & E. Pessoa endemic to Mato Grosso state, WC Brazil.
Codonorchis (Orchidaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two terrestrial orchids, one from Rio Grande do Sul brazilian state, recollected recently, another in cold forests in Argentina and Chile from Andes up to Tierra del Fuego.
Homalopetalum (Orchidaceae - 2 ✕ 2) - 9 spp., mainly Mexico to Panama; 4 spp. in South America, all endemics to Brazil (2, from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina states), Ecuador (1) and Venezuela (1).
Pleurothallopsis (Orchidaceae - 1 ✕ 18) - all 19 spp. occur from Costa Rica to Bolivia except P. nemorosa (Barb. Rodr.) Porto & Brade, endemic to SE Brazil.
Restrepiella (Orchidaceae - 1 ✕ 4) - one wider from S. Florida, Mexico to Colombia, and Guatemala, Colombia, Brazil and Costa Rica one endemic each; Brazilian species R. ovatipetala (Chiron & Xim.Bols.) Rojas-Alv. & Karremans is endemic to Espirito Santo state.
Sudamerlycaste (Orchidaceae - 1 ✕ 30) - 31 of 33 spp. in this genus occur in South America, all from Venezuela to Peru except Sudamerlycaste rossyi (Hoehne) Archila, endemic to SE Brazil.
Luzula (Juncaceae - 1 ✕ 18) - about 75 spp. (up to 115 spp. in some autors), cosmopolitan, 43 in New World, 19 in South America, only one in Brazil, L. ulei Buchenau, endemic to highlands of SE Brazil in Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states.
Machaerina (Cyperaceae - 3 ✕ 2) - 50 spp., Madagascar and Mascarenes to SE Asia, Malesia, SE Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Caribbean, Pacific islands to North America, Juan Fernandes in Pacific Chile and Guyana one endemic each, and three endemics to S & SE Brazil, in mountains in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro state.
Schoenus (Cyperaceae - 1 ✕ 3) - c. 100 spp., centered in Australia, S. nigricans L. subcosmopolitan, inc. North America to Mexico and Caribbean, few species occurs in Africa, Eurasia and South America - 4, three restricted of Cono Sur, and S. lymansmithii M.T. Strong, very narrow endemic in Morro da Igreja in Santa Catarina state in S Brazil.
Cryptanthella (Eriocaulaceae - 6 ✕ 8) - 14 spp., 8 from Venezuela (4), Colombia (6), Ecuador (3), Peru (4), Bolivia (2), and six endemics to S & SE Brazil.
Hydriade (Eriocaulaceae - 5 ✕ 2) - 7 spp., 5 endemics to Brazil and two in Ecuador and Peru.
Triraphis (Poaceae - 1 ✕ 0) - 8 spp., six in Africa and Arabian peninsula, one in Australia, and Triraphis devia Filg. & Zuloaga in Goias state in center Brazil - with only three endangered populations in mountains Veadeiros National Park.
Condilorachis (Poaceae - 2 ✕ 1) - three spp., one from Chile and Argentina and two in Brazil, C. brasiliensis (Hitch.) P.M.Peterson and C. juergensii (Hack.)P.M.Peterson, both endemic.
EUDICOTS
Cleobulia (Fabaceae - 3 ✕ 0) - a singular genus, with three species in E Brazil and one endemic to Mexico.
Mora (Fabaceae - 1 ✕ 5) - large-seed genus, mainly from Ecuador and Guianas, with two spp. endemic to Dominican Rep., and Mora paraensis (Ducke) Ducke, from E Amazon region, endemic to Brazil.
Parasenegalia (Fabaceae - 1 ✕ 3) - 7 spp. in this genus, Parasenegalia santosii (G.P. Lewis) Seigler & Ebinger in E Brazil, one in Guianas, two from W South America, and remaining in Mexico, Central America and Caribbean.
Erythrostemon (Fabaceae - 1 ✕ 7) - genus with 31 spp., 22 in Mexico and North America, one in Caribbean, E. calycina (Benth.) L.P.Queiroz endemic in the caatinga vegetation of Brazil (Bahia and Pernambuco states), and the other seven in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Paraguay.
Luetzelburgia (Fabaceae - 11 ✕ 3) - all species in this genus are national endemics: 11 in Brazil, two in Bolivia and one in Colombia.
Crinodendron (Elaeocarpaceae - 1 ✕ 3) - 4 spp., two endemics to in Chile, one in Bolivia and Argentina, and C. brasiliense Reitz & L.B. Sm. in S Brazil, a shrub with white flowers, very narrow endemic of Bom Retiro, Santa Catarina state, in nebular forests.
Flueggea (Phyllanthaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - 16 spp., only three in New World: F. acidoton Griseb. (Cuba), F. elliptica (Spreng.) Baill. (Ecuador), and F. schuechiana (Müll.Arg.) G.L.Webster in Bahia and Pernambuco states in NE Brazil.
Stephanopodium (Dichapetalaceae - 7 ✕ 7) - 14 spp, a half from Venezuela to Peru, and a other half confined to E Brazil forests.
Excentradenia (Malpighiaceae - 1 ✕ 3) - 4 spp. from northern South America, two only in Venezuela and adjacent Guianas, another only in Bolivia, and E. primaeva (W.R. Anderson) W.R. Anderson, known only in Amazonas state in northern Brazil.
Viola (Violaceae - 3 ✕ 153) - only three of 153 spp. in South America occur in Brazil - all endemics and phylogenetically related: V. cerasifolia A.St.-Hil., V. gracillima A.St.-Hil. and V. subdimidiata A.St.-Hil.
Bergia (Elatinaceae - 1 ✕ 0) - two of the 25 spp. of the genus are from the New World: Bergia texana Seub. ex Walp. from North America and northern Mexico, and the neglected and possibly extinct Bergia arenaroides Fenzl, collected only twice in N Minas Gerais, one in 1816-1821, and the last in 1914; for details, see Hassemer (Phytotaxa, 2020).
Elatine (Elatinaceae - 1 ✕ 7) - 31 spp., cosmopolitan, North America and Mexico (7), Eurasia and North Africa (12), India/Malesia (2), S Africa (2, Zimbabwe and Namibia), Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji (1), northern & C Andes, from Venezuela to Argentina and Chile (7), and E. lindbergii Rohrb. endemic to SE and S Brazil, from Minas Gerais to Paraná states.
Angostylis (Euphorbiaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., A. longifolia Benth. from Brazil in Amazonas, in areas of 100 m elevation range, and A. tabulamontana Croizat from Suriname.
Bahiana (Euphorbiaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., B. pyriformis J.F.Carrión, known only from dry mountainous region in center Bahia state, NE Brazil, and B. occidentalis K. Wurdack, endemic to Peru.
Hemistylus (Urticaceae - 1 ✕ 4) - 5 spp., 4 from S to Venezuela to Ecuador, with H. odontophylla Wedd. up to Mexico, and the fifth, H. brasiliensis Wedd. ex Warm., endemic to Brazil.
Fuchsia (Onagraceae - 8 ✕ 76) - 105 spp., confined to cool, moist habitats, with nearly 3/4 concentrated in the tropical Andes, in 10 sections, with all 8 Brazilian species, all endemics, in sect. Quelusia, joined F. magellanica Lamarck from Argentina and Chile.
Huberia (Melastomataceae - 32 ✕ 4) - 36 spp., 32 endemics to E Brazil and 4 spp. from the Andes of Peru (one up to Ecuador).
Raveniopsis (Rutaceae - 3 ✕ 17) - 20 spp., 18 spp. endemic to Guayana Shield of S Venezuela (16, 14 endemics), Guyana and N Brazil (3 of them, two from Mount Aracá and one from Rondonia).
Akrosida (Malvaceae - 1 ✕ 0) - two spp., notably highy disjunct, one in mountains of Dominican Republic and the blush flowered A. macrophylla (Ulbr.) Fryxell & Fuerte known only from the vicinity of Nova Friburgo in NE of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.
Pterygota (Malvaceae - 1 ✕ 2) - 11 spp., Central Africa (3), SE Asia (4), and four in New World, three in two countries range (Costa Rica and Panamá, Colombia and Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia) and P. brasiliensis Allemão, native to the Atlantic coastal forest of Brazil from Pernambuco to São Paulo states.
Spirotheca (Malvaceae - 2 ✕ 4) - 6 spp., 4 in moist mid- to high elevation forests from Costa Rica and Panama through the western Andean countries to Bolivia, and two disjuncts in coastal forests of SE Brazil: S. rivieri (Decne.) Ulbr. and S. elegans Carv.-Sobr., M. Machado & L. P. Queiroz, latter restricted of Bahia state, only found to inhabit seasonally dry tropical forest vegetation.
Gossypium (Malvaceae - 1 ✕ 5) - genus with 52 spp., with 17 in Australia, 16 in the Old World (with two domesticated species), 11 endemic to Mexico, 1 in Mexico / Arizona, 2 forms grown in the New World (G. barbadense L. and G. hirsutum L.), and with Brazil, Peru, Ecuador (Galápagos), USA (Hawaii) and Dominican Rep. with 1 or 2 spp. endemic each (6 in South America); the Brazilian is G. mustelinum (G.Watt) Miers, a extreme rare wild cotton, composed of populations dispersed in dry areas in Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Ceará and Bahia states [Silva et al. (Genet Resour Crop Evol., 2018)].
Monilicarpa (Capparaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., M. tenuisiliqua (Jacq.) X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis from N Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad & Tobago, and M. brasiliana (Banks ex DC.), X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis disjunct to E Brazil, in Bahia to Rio de Janeiro coastal forests.
Thesium (Santalaceae - 2 ✕ 1) - 326 spp. in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, highly centered in southern Africa, and three spp. in New World (belonging a own section, Psilothesium), T. tepuiense Steyerm. in Venezuela and Guyana, T. aphyllum Mart. ex A. DC. and T. brasiliense A. DC. endemics to C & S Brazil, one of the more remarkable disjunctions of South America and Old World.
Arjona (Schoepfiaceae - 1 ✕ 6) - 6 spp., 4 of tropical & temperate S. America from Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego, Uruguay; and two in Peru and Brazil, one endemic each; brazilian species is A. megapotamica Malme, known only from high mountains of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states.
Scybalium (Balanophoraceae - 2 ✕ 1) - 4 spp., one endemic to Jamaica, another from Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, and two remaining endemics to forests of SE Brazil.
Leuenbergeria (Cactaceae - 1 ✕ 2) - 8 spp., three in Hispaniola, one in Cuba, 1 from Pacific coastal area from S Mexico to Costa Rica, and three in South America: L. aureiflora (F. Ritter) Lodé in NE Minas Gerais and S Bahia; L. bleo (Kutnh) Lodé in Panamá and Colombia; and L. guamacho (F.A.C. Weber) Lodé in drier regions of Colombia and Venezuela, possibly also the Dutch Antilles.
Quiabentia (Cactaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - shrubby leaf-broaded cacti, Q. zenthneri are restricted from dry areas Minas Gerais and Bahia states in NE Brazil, 2,000 km ahead theri cogeneric, Q. verticillata, from Bolívia, N Argentina and Paraguay.
Tacinga (Cactaceae - 9 ✕ 1) - 10 spp., one endemic to NE Venezuela in Lara and Sucre states, and nine restricteds for NE Brazil; it is only opuntioid genus found in the semiarid regions of the E corner of Brazil.
Schwartzia (Marcgraviaceae - 4 ✕ 12) - 20 spp., 16 from Costa Rica through the Andes south to Bolivia, in the Caribbean Basin, and 4 in E Brazil, all endemics.
Sipapoantha (Gentianaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., S. ostrina Maguire & B.M. Boom in Cerro Sipapo, in Amazonas State, Venezuela (1,200 - 2,200 m elevation range), and S. obtusisepala Lepis, Maas & Struwe endemic to SE Roraima state, Brazil, both in mountain summits.
Hylaea (Apocynaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., H. arborescens (Monach.) J.F.Morales from S. Venezuela, and H. leptoloba (Monach.) J.F.Morales endemic to N. Brazil (Amazonas state).
Laubertia (Apocynaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - three spp., L. peninsularis Woodson from Mexico to Belize and Guatemala, L. boissieri A. DC. from Venezuela to Bolivia, and L. brasiliensis J.F. Morales, endemic to Brazil to the states of Pará and Amazonas.
Skytanthus (Apocynaceae - 2 ✕ 1) - three spp., S. acutus Meyen endemic of Chile from Antofagasta to Coquimbo, S. hancorniifolius (A. DC.) Miers and S. martianus (Müll. Arg.) Miers restricted of E Brazil.
Augusta (Rubiaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - 4 spp. in two subgenera, subg. Lindenia with three spp., A. rivalis (Benth.) J.H. Kirkbr. from Mexico to Colombia, and A. austrocaledonica (Brongn.) J.H. Kirkbr. from New Caledonia and A. vitiensis (Seem.) J.H. Kirkbr., endemic to Fiji; and subg. Augusta with a single sp., A. longifolia (Spreng.) Rehder, endemic to Brazil, with two varieties: var. longifolia, occurring in the torrents and small rivers of the savannas of C Brazil (cerrado), and var. parviflora (Pohl) Delprete, occurring in the torrents and small rivers of the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Gleasonia (Rubiaceae - 4 ✕ 1) - 5 spp., all endemic to the Guayana Shield, one only in Venezuela and remaining four only in Brazil, except by one sp. in S Amazon rainforest of Brazil.
Neobertiera (Rubiaceae - 1 ✕ 4) - 5 spp., all from Guiana Shield, 100-300 m elevation range, two only in Guyana, two only in French Guiana, and N. montedouradensis Delprete endemic to dense forests of Pará state, N Brazil.
Salzmannia (Rubiaceae - 3 ✕ 1) - 4 spp., one in higher elevation on the costal cordillera of Venezuela, and three species growing in the coastal dunes and restinga and forested vegetation of NE Brazil.
Schizocalyx (Rubiaceae - 1 ✕ 6) - 9 spp., one in Central America, seven in tropical Andes, and S. cuspidatus (A. St.-Hil.) Kainul. & B. Bremer endemic to SE Brazil, found in wet to moist forests from low to middle elevations.
Moritzia (Boraginaceae - 2 ✕ 1) - three spp., M. lindenii (A. DC.) Benth. ex Gürke from Panama to Venezuela, and two remaining endemics to S Brazil.
Calystegia (Convolvulaceae - 1 ✕ 2) - 25 spp., over Old World, 23 spp. in New World, from Canada and U.S.A., only three in South America, two scattered in Ecuador and Cono Sur (one also in Mexico), and C. brummittii P.P.A. Ferreira & Sim.-Bianch. endemic to Araucaria forests in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states in Brazil.
Recordia (Verbenaceae - 1 ✕ 2) - two spp., R. boliviana Moldenke, endemic to Bolivia, and R. reitzii (Moldenke) V. Thode & N. O'Leary, a small tree endemic to coastal mountains in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states.
Chamaeranthemum (Acanthaceae - 2 ✕ 0) - three spp., one in Central America and two endemics to SE Brazil.
Darcya (Plantaginaceae - 1 ✕ 1) - five herbal species, 4 in Central America, on up to NW Colombia, and D. vandellioides (Benth.) Scatigna, endemic to Brazil, in in open and wet, often disturbed areas of the Atlantic Forest from Bahia to Santa Catarina states.
Odontonema (Acanthaceae - 4 ✕ 12) - 29 spp., 16 in South America, 4 in Brazil, all endemic, O. amplexicaule (Nees) Kuntze in Amazon rainforest and three remaining endemics to Atlantic Forest.
Cornutia (Lamiaceae - 1 ✕ 4) - 9 spp., of Mexico to Peru, east to French Guiana, Brazil and Caribbean; 5 in South America, C. pubescens Gaertn. only in French Guiana, C. australis Moldenke endemic to Minas Gerais state in SE Brazil (unique in Brazil), two only from Venezuela to Peru, and C. pyramidata L. from Mexico to Bolivia and Guianas.
Lepechinia (Lamiaceae - 2 ✕ 31) - 48 spp., mainly montane, Andes from Argentina and Chile northwards to Mexico and California, including Venezuela (33 in South America), with outlying spp. in Brazil (two, L. annae (Taub. ex Schwacke) Brade from Mantiqueira Range and L. speciosa (A. St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Epling from Caparao Range, both endemic).
Marthianthus (Lamiaceae - 3 ✕ 1) - 4 spp., three restricted to dry xeric scrubland of NE Brazil (caatinga), inc. dry montane, with an outlying sp., M. elongatus (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, in similar semi-arid conditions in Huarochiri, coastal Peru.
Ayapanopsis (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 16) - genus with 16 of its 18 spp. in the Andes from Colombia to the Cono Sur, and with the exception of the exclusive Brazilian A. oblongifolia (Gardner) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Bartlettina (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 7) - 8 of 40 ssp. of the genera occur in South America, and are all exclusive to their country of occurrence; the Brazilian is B. hemisphaerica (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., restricted to Rio de Janeiro state.
Bejaranoa (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 1) - 2 spp. comprise this genus: B. balansae (Hieron.) R.M. King & H. Rob. from Bolivia and Paraguay, and B. semistriata (Sch. Bip. ex Baker) R.M. King & H. Rob. endemic to Brazil.
Critoniopsis (Asteraceae - 5 ✕ 66) - of the 72 spp. of the genus, 71 occur in South America; all five Brazilian species are endemics.
Dasycondylus (Asteraceae - 7 ✕ 1) - one is restricted to Peru and Bolivia; the remaining 7 spp. of this genus are endemic to Brazil.
Dalairea (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 0) - two spp. worldwide, one endemic to South Africa, and D. aparadensis Funez & Hassemer endemic to Santa Catarina state, Brazil.
Epaltes (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 0) - with 7 spp. in the Old World, this genus has three species each restricted to a given New World country: one from Mexico, one from Cuba and E. brasiliensis DC. from N and NE Brazil.
Fulcaldea (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 1) - two spp., F. laurifolia (Bonpl.) Poir. from Peru and Ecuador, and F. stuessyi N. Roque & V.A. Funk, endemic to dry areas in Bahia state, Brazil.
Gyptidium (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 1) - Brazil and Argentina one sp. endemic each.
Idiothamnus (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 3) - 4 spp. in this genus: one from Bolivia and Argentina, and Peru, Venezuela and Brazil one endemic each.
Onoseris (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 28) - O. brasiliensis Cabrera is restricted to outcrops of Mato Grosso state, and the other 31 spp. of this genus occur from Mexico to the Cono Sur on the Pacific side of the New World, 29 of them in South America.
Ophryosporus (Asteraceae - 4 ✕ 39) - 39 of the species in this genus occur from Colombia to the Cono Sur; the remaining 4 are endemics to Brazil.
Pentacalia (Asteraceae - 2 ✕ 221) - of the 223 spp. of this genus, 207 are restricted to the Andes from Venezuela to Colombia; 17 go to Mexico or the Caribbean from South America; 1 goes from there to the Cono Sur; the only two exceptions are the two species restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, P. desiderabilis (Vell.) Cuatrec. and P. tropicalis (Cabrera) C.Jeffrey.
Sciadocephala (Asteraceae - 1 ✕ 5) - genus of curious Asteraceae adapted to the extremely shady forest environment, with 6 spp.: 4 from Panamá to Ecuador, 1 in Guyana, and S. grecieliae N. Biggs & D. J. N. Hind, known only for a portion of the Amazon region of Mato Grosso state in Brazil.
Steyermarkina (Asteraceae - 3 ✕ 1) - in addition to 3 brazilians spp., there is an endemic one from Trujillo, Venezuela.
Stifftia (Asteraceae - 5 ✕ 1) - the single non Brazilian endemic species is S. cayenense H.Rob. & B.Kahn from French Guiana.
Symphyopappus (Asteraceae - 13 ✕ 1) - S. apurimacense H.Rob. is endemic to Peru; remaining 13 spp. of this genus are endemic to E Brazil, mainly forests.
RECENT INCLUSION AND EXCLUSIONS
07⋅09⋅2023 ‣ renaming of the Brazilian members of Trisetum into Condilorachis (SEE).
29⋅04⋅2023 ‣ inclusion of Cryptanthella and Hydriade (Eriocaulaceae) by taxonomic updates in Paepalanthoideae (SEE).04⋅04⋅2023 ‣ inclusion of Bahiana and Salzamannia.