List of 91 genera native to Brazil, with less than 1/14 (7,14%) of South American species with native occurrence in Brazil; remarkable types absent in this list are Brownea (8,69%), Crassula (8,33%), Valeriana (8,25%), Geranium (8,23%), Meliosma (8,16%), Elaphandra (7,69%), Microchilus (7,24%), Navia (7,21%) and Verbesina (7,09%).
The lowest percentages of presence in Brazil are Calceolaria (0,38%), Puya (0,44%), Centropogon (0,51%), Lepanthes (0,79%), Bomarea (0,87%), Pentacalia (0,89%), Burmeistera (0,9%), Alchemilla (1,53%), Oreopanax (1,75%).
In parentheses, the Brazilian species/South American total.
Magnolia (Magnoliaceae - 4/71) - the type genus of the Magnoliophytes has 140 spp. in the New World, of which almost a half (71) occur in South America, hypercentered in Colombia (41), which has the greatest diversity in the New World; only 4 occur in Brazil, three endemics.
Dicranopygium (Cyclanthaceae - 2/49) - 53 spp. of S Mexico to S Peru and French Guiana, and the Lesser Antilles; 49 spp. in South America; two in Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas and Acre), D. amazonicum Harling endemic, and D. imeriense Harling also in Venezuela.
Sphaeradenia (Cyclanthaceae - 2/40) - 51 spp., S Nicaragua to W Bolivia and Venezuela, and adjacent Brazil in Amazonas state, 40 spp. in South America; only two in Brazil, none endemics.
Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae - 1/114) - 114 spp., 10 exclusively from Mesoamerica (Mexico only 2), three from Central America to Ecuador, one of them also in West Indies, 100 only in South America with B. edulis (Tussac) Herb. in over range of genus, and unique species in Brazil.
Chloraea (Orchidaceae - 1/53) - 51 spp. this genus of terrestrial orchids occurs from Peru to Tierra del Fuego and the remaining two in the E Argentina, Uruguay and S Brazil (C. membranacea Lindl. extending to the south of Paraná).
Ponthieva (Orchidaceae - 3/58) - genus with 73 spp. overall; one Brazilian species is endemic.
Lepanthes (Orchidaceae - 6/759) - largest genus in this list, with 1,091 spp., 759 of these in South America, hypercentered in Colombia (325) and Ecuador (367), but only 6 spp. occur in the Brazilian territory, almost entirely north of the Equator, with a endemic, L. brasiliensis Pabst.
Masdevallia (Orchidaceae - 16/580) - only 17 of 581 spp. of Masdevallia from South America occur in Brazil - out of a total of 614 in the New World; 6 of them are endemic to Brazil.
Oncidium (Orchidaceae - 14/372) - 426 spp., 372 in South America, but only 14 in Brazil, one endemic.
Otoglossum (Orchidaceae - 1/28) - 29 spp. in total, centered in Ecuador, only O. arminii (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst. occur in Brazil.
Pleutothallis (Orchidaceae - 18/594)- genus of orchids with 706 spp. in the New World, 594 in South America, only 17 in Brazil, 7 endemics.
Comparettia (Orchidaceae - 5/83) - genus with almost all species in South America, only five in Brazil, none endemics.
Kefersteinia (Orchidaceae - 1/50) - only one a very enigmatic species of this genus occur in Brazil, K. mystacina Rchb. f., known only informal relacts, in Amazon region.
Platystele (Orchidaceae - 6/94) - with two species endemics to Brazil and 115 overall, this genus is highly centered in northern Andes.
Pleurothallopsis (Orchidaceae - 1/19) - all 19 spp. occur from Costa Rica to Bolivia except P. nemorosa (Barb. Rodr.) Porto & Brade, endemic to SE Brazil.
Scaphosepalum (Orchidaceae - 1/46) - a typical exxogenus from Mexico to Bolivia and Venezuela, but also in Guyana and with S. breve (Rchb. f.) Rolfe, described for Brazil only in 2008, only in small summit of Monte Roraima, northern Roraima state.
Stelis (Orchidaceae - 51/1,072) - mega Neotropical genus with 1,210 spp., 1,072 of them in South America, 522 in Ecuador, 435 in Colombia, but only 51 in Brazil, 31 of them being endemics.
Sudamerlycaste (Orchidaceae - 1/31) - 31 of 33 spp. in this genus occur in South America, all from Venezuela to Peru except Sudamerlycaste rossyi (Hoehne) Archila, endemic to SE Brazil.
Trisetella (Orchidaceae - 1/24) - 26 spp. overall, only a single non-endemic in Brazil.
Zootrophion (Orchidaceae - 1/25) - 27 spp. overall, only a single non-endemic in Brazil.
Luzula (Juncaceae - 1/19) - about 75 spp. (up to 115 spp. in some autors), cosmopolitan, 43 in New World, 19 in South America, only one in Brazil, L. ulei Buchenau, endemic to highlands of SE Brazil in Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states.
Cipuropsis (Bromeliaceae - 1/16) - a genus mainly from NW South America, from Venezuela to Peru, with C. rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Kessous & A.F.Costa up to N Brazil.
Guzmania (Bromeliaceae - 9/184) - 205 spp., from Florida to Bolivia, Brazil to Mexico, 184 in South America, few spp. in E South America; 9 spp. in Brazil, almost all only in northern Amazon rainforest, none endemics.
Puya (Bromeliaceae - 1/229) - 230 spp., one only in Costa Rica and Panamá, 229 in South America (one also in Central America), 227 in Andes from NW Venezuela to NW Argentina, two in Guayana Highlands, with P. floccosa (Linden) E. Morren ex Mez, found in Tepequen Range in N Roraima state, Brazil.
Racinaea (Bromeliaceae - 3/77) - 80 spp., Andean (77 spp. in South America), mainly Ecuador, extending to Central America, Bolivia, the Greater Antilles and the Guianas, and SE Brazil (3, two endemics).
Cinnagrostis (Poaceae - 4/61) - 77 spp. from South and Central America (only one up to S Mexico), 4 up to S Brazil, one endemic, known only from Santa Catarina state.
Deschampsia (Poaceae - 1/22) - 47 spp., temperate and polar regions on both hemispheres, in South America (22, mainly Cono Sur, Peru and Ecuador one endemic each, D. eminens (J. Presl) Saarela up to Colombia, D. caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. in Andes from Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego and high places of SE Brazil), Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands, New Zealand (4), Tristan da Cunha Islands (4), Madeira Islands (2), Pamir Mountains (2), mountains of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea (1), Cordillera Central of Hispaniola (1), Azores Islands (1), mountains of Central Mexico (1), Hawaii (1) and Kilimanjaro mountains in tropical Africa (1).
Festuca (Poaceae - 3/156) - 629 spp., temperate, polar and alpine regions on both hemispheres, Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, South Georgia Is., Kerguelen Is., Macquarie Island, tropical mountains; 218 spp. in New World, 153 in South America, three in Brazil, none endemics.
Jarava (Poaceae - 1/29) - 29 spp. from W & S South America, one up to Mexico; only J. plumosa (Spreng.) S.W.L. Jacobs & J. Everett in Brazil (only in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states), no endemic.
Poa (Poaceae - 6/127) - c. 500 spp., reich in weeds, high pastures, from coast up tallest mountains of world, few in sand places; 206 spp. in New World, 127 in South America (high diverse in western continent, eg. 88 in equatorial and tropical Andes, and 62 in Cono Sur); six spp. in Brazil, two endemics.
Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae - 3/52) - 1,690 spp., almost cosmopolitan; in New World 124 spp. in areas with high humidity, 53 in South America, mainly in Colombia (12 spp.), Ecuador (12), Peru (32), Bolivia (18), Argentina (26), Chile (18); 3 spp. in Brazil, R. apiifolius Pers., R. bonariensis Poir. and R. flagelliformis Sm., none endemics.
Berberis (Berberidaceae - 4/133) - 621 spp., diverse worldwide in the Northern hemisphere, 178 in the Western hemisphere it reaches South America along the Andes (with 133 spp. in continent, common in paramos and punas), extending to Tierra del Fuego and east to SE Brazil; only 4 spp. in Brazil, Berberis laurina Thunb. up to Cono Sur, and 3 endemics, inc. B. kleinii Mattos, this endemic to high mountains of Santa Catarina state.
Gunnera (Gunneraceae - 2/42) - only two of the 42 spp. South America in this genus occur in Brazil, G. manicata Linden ex André and G. herteri Osten, the former is endemic to the country, and the latter also occurs in Uruguay.
Maytenus (Celastraceae - 1/28) - 36 spp., 28 spp. in South America, only the southern South American Maytenus boaria Molina occur in Brazil, in high elevations in Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina states.
Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae - 4/83) - 100 spp., Madagascar to Fiji, New Zealand, the Austral Islands, the Marquesas, 89 in New World, from Mexico to Cono Sur, the West Indies, South America (83), with the greatest concentration of species in Colombia (35), Ecuador (30) and Peru (43); 5 spp. in Brazil, three endemics, W. pinnata L., a very variable and widespread tree, ranging from S Mexico to Brazil, and W. organensis Gardner also in Peru.
Viola (Violaceae - 3/153) - only three of 153 spp. in South America occur in Brazil - all endemics and phylogenetically related: V. cerasifolia A.St.-Hil., V. gracillima A.St.-Hil. and V. subdimidiata A.St.-Hil.
Acaena (Rosaceae - 5/88) - a recently expanded genus, with 97 spp., A. pinnatifida Ruiz & Pav. in California and Cono Sur, South Africa and Hawaii one endemic each, 18 in Australia and N. Zealand, and remainign 76 confined to South America and adjacent Antarctic Islands, five of then in Brazil, 3 endemics and 2 up to othern countries of continent.
Alchemilla (Rosaceae - 1/68) - 250 (-1000) spp., mainly Holarctic distribution with a centre of species richness in western Eurasia but occurs also in S India, Sri Lanka, Java, China and Japan and on the mountains of Africa and Madagascar, and 85 in Neotropics, distributed in South and Central America from Mexico and the Greater Antilles (Hispaniola) to the Andes of N Chile and Argentina. 68 spp. occur in South America, highly centered in northern Andes; only one sp. occur in E South America, A. parodii (I.M.Johnst.) Rothm., from S Brazil to S Argentina.
Epilobium
(Onagraceae - 1/14)
- c. 160 spp., temperate region, in tropics restricted of montate environments, including Neotropics up to Argentina; 50 spp. in New World, 14 spp. in South America, 11 from NW Venezuela to S Argentina and Chile, and E. hirtigerum A. Cunn., restricted from S Brazil, NE Argentina and Uruguay.
Blakea (Melastomataceae - 4/127) - 186 spp., tropical America, 127 in South America, highly centered in Colombia (72); only 4 in Brazil, none endemics.
Monochaetum (Melastomataceae - 1/41) - 60 spp., 19 in Mexico from Sinaloa to Central America and 41 species distributed in South America from Andes to Peru and the Venezuelan Coastal Cordillera, and are also present in the Guayana highlands, including the single species in Brazil, M. bonplandii (Kunth) Naudin, only in Mount Neblina, none endemic.
Sphaeralcea (Malvaceae - 1/14) - 53 sp., 6 in S Africa, 33 from southernmost Canada to N Mexico, and 14 in Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, mainly in arid habitats of temperate climates, extending to tropical zones primarily at higher elevations; in Brazil occur only S. bonariensis (Cav.) Griseb, known only in Bage municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, in two small populations.
Lepidium (Brassicaceae - 3/57) - c. 220 spp., cosmopolitan, including Hawaii and New Zealand. 88 spp. occur in New World, 57 in South America, only three in Brazil: L. bonariense L. from S Brazil and adjacent Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, L. auriculatum Regel & Korn. from Peru to Brazil and Cono Sur, and L. didymum L. also from Peru to Brazil and Cono Sur.
Polypsecadium (Brassicaceae - 1/15) - 14 spp. occur from Colombia to Argentina, and one in Brazil, P. brasiliensis O.E.Schulz, endemic to Santa Catarina state.
Tropaeolum (Tropaeolaceae - 4/94) - 94 spp., all occur in South America, distributed mostly in Andean countries and in the highlands of other regions (e.g. Colombia, with 28 spp., 65 in over northern Andes) up to E Brazil (4 spp., two endemics) and S Venezuela, and 4 reaches into Central America and S Mexico.
Dendrophtora (Santalaceae - 3/83) - 129 spp. from S Mexico, including Cuba and the Caribbean, up to Bolivia and C, only three in Brazil, no endemics.
Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae - 1/43) - genus with 43 spp. in South America, only the widely A. lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. in Brazil, no endemic.
Drymaria (Caryophyllaceae - 1/22) - 22 spp. of this genus occur in South America, only the D. cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. in Brazil.
Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae - 1/19) - only S. ramosa Cambess, of 19 South American species, occur in Brazil, in southern Rio Grande do Sul state.
Cleistocactus (Cactaceae - 1/20) - 20 spp. from Colombia to N Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, only C. baumannii (Lem.) Lem. in Brazil, reported from Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states in W Center Brazil.
Caiophora (Loasaceae - 1/50) - 48 spp. from Peru to Argentina, Chile, C. arechavaletae (Urb.) Urb. & Gilg up to Uruguay and S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state, unique outside Andes) and C. contorta (Desr.) C. Presl up to Ecuador.
Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae - 2/56) - 64 spp., S Mexico to S Bolivia, E to Guyana, Caribbean, and E Brazil, 56 in South America; three spp. are found in montane forests of the Venezuelan Guayana: F. calophylla Triana & Planch. off Amazonas state in N Brazil, also in W Venezuela and Ecuador; F. roraimensis Tul., endemic to the Mount Roraima off Roraima state; and F. carinata A. L. Weitzman, in Venezuela and Brazil (in N Amazonas state); the second species in Brazil is F. atlantica Zorzanelli & Amorim, discovery in 2015, known from two disjunct localities in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo.
Geissanthus (Primulaceae - 2/50) - 50 spp., all from Venezuela to Bolivia, two up to center and SE Brazil (São Paulo state), and one up to Mesoamerica.
Cavendishia (Ericaceae - 2/83) - 114 spp., Mexico to Bolivia, E to the Guianas, Guayana Highland, NW Brazil (two, none endemics, from Amazonas state); 43 in Central America/Mexico, 83 in South America, 48 endemics to Colombia.
Disterigma (Ericaceae - 1/34) - 36 spp., highly centered in Ecuador and Colombia, reaching up to Guatemala in northern, Bolivia in south, and W Guyana in east (34 in South America); D. humboldtii (Klotzsch) Nied. occur in Mount Neblina in Amazonas state, N Brazil.
Psammisia (Ericaceae - 4/65) - 67 spp. from Costa Rica to Bolivia, E to French Guiana, Trinidad (63 in South America). 4 spp. in Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas and Pará state, none endemics).
Sphyrospermum (Ericaceae - 1/21) - 22 spp., S Mexico to N Bolivia, Guianas, Haiti and Trinidad, 21 in South America, only S. buxifolium Poepp. & Endl. in Brazil (Roraima and Amazonas state), non endemic.
Thibaudia (Ericaceae - 3/71) - 72 spp., one in Costa Rica, e 71 in N South America, three up to N Brazil (Amazonas and Roraima states), none endemics.
Symbolanthus (Gentiananceae - 2/31) - 33 spp., Caribbean and Central America one restricted each, and 31 remaining in mountain areas of Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia and N Brazil (two, Amazonas and Roraima states).
Elaeagia (Rubiaceae - 1/26) - 26 spp., Mexico to Bolivia, 21 in South America up N Brazil (only E. maguirei Standl., also in Venezuela and Guianas), east to Suriname, Caribbean.
Hoffmannia (Rubiaceae - 2/45) - 121 spp., Mexico to to Argentina, up to Venezuela, Caribbean, 45 in South America, only two in Brazil, Hoffmannia duckei Standl. endemic.
Notopleura (Rubiaceae - 3/83) - 102 spp., Mexico to Brazil (3, N. bahiensis C.M. Taylor endemic), 83 in South America, also in Bolivia, Guianas, Caribbean.
Castilleja (Orobanchaceae - 1/22) - 208 spp., three in E North America, 5 in Eurasia, 30 in Central America and South America (22 in latter, including 7 annual species in Andes of Chile and Peru), and the rest in W North America, only the widely distributed C. arvensis Schltdl. & Cham. in Brazil.
Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae - 1/258) -
Clinopodium (Lamiaceae - 1/40) - 100 spp., 70 in the New World, and temperate Eurasia, but a few in Africa, tropical Asia and Indomalesia; 40 spp. in South America, highly centered in Ecuador/Peru (a half of continent restricted of this zone), almost over countries, only the widely distributed C. brownei (Sw.) Kuntze reaches into southern Brazil.
Lepechinia (Lamiaceae - 2/33) - 48 spp., mainly montane, Andes from Argentina and Chile northwards to Mexico and California, including Venezuela (33 in South America), with outlying spp. in Brazil (two, L. annae (Taub. ex Schwacke) Brade from Mantiqueira Range and L. speciosa (A. St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Epling from Caparao Range, both endemic).
Stachys (Lamiaceae - 1/30) - 450-600 spp., cosmopolitan, absent in Australia and New Zealand; 96 in continental New World, c. 40 in Mexico, 30 in South America, centered in NW region, 11 in southern region, 18 from Venezuela to Bolivia, only one, S. gilliesii Benth., reaches up to Brazil (also in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Cono Sur).
Columnea (Gesneriaceae - 6/141) - 215 spp., from Mexico south to Ecuador and Bolivia to Brazil (6, C. ulei Mansf. endemic), 139 in South America; 96 spp. in Colombia, 38 in Costa Rica.
Monopyle (Gesneriaceae - 1/16) - 22 spp., along the W Cordillera from Bolivia to Guatemala, 16 in South America, only M. reflexa (Rusby) Roalson & Boggan in Brazil, in Acre state.
Stenostephanus (Acanthaceae - 3/61) - 88 spp. in New World, from W Mexico (15) to Bolivia, Venezuela and Brazil (two, one endemic), 63 in South America, with greatest diversity in Colombia (a third of genus here endemic).
Jaborosa (Solanaceae - 1/22) - 22 spp., mainly W Andes in Peru to Chile, Bolivia to S Argentina, only two reaching SE South America, with J. integrifolia Lam. up to Rio Grande do Sul state in S Brazil and Uruguay.
Iochroma (Solanaceae - 1/39) - 38 spp. confined from Colombia to Cono Sur, and I. arborescens (L.) J.M.H.Shaw from Mexico to southern Brazil.
Salpichroa (Solanaceae - 1/18) - 18 spp., Andes from Colombia to Argentina, only Salpichroa origanifolia Baill. up to S Brazil.
Ayapanopsis (Asteraceae - 1/17) - genus with 16 (of its 18) in the Andes from Colombia to the Cono Sur, and with the exception of the exclusive Brazilian A. oblongifolia (Gardner) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Barnadesia (Asteraceae - 1/23) - essentially Andean genus with 23 spp., and only B. caryophylla (Vell.) S.F. Blake is mentioned for Brazil - and it also occurs in Bolivia.
Bartlettina (Asteraceae - 1/8) - 8 of 40 spp. of the genera occur in South America, and are all exclusive to their country of occurrence; the Brazilian is B. hemisphaerica (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., restricted to Rio de Janeiro state.
Critoniopsis (Asteraceae - 5/71) - of the 87 spp. of the genus, 71 occur in South America; his only five Brazilians are all endemics.
Hebeclinium (Asteraceae - 1/25) - 29 spp., neotropics, 25 in South America, only one in Brazil, the widely distributed H. macrophyllum (L.) DC.
Hieracium (Asteraceae - 5/90) - 4,566 spp.; in the New World there are 129, 90 of them in South America, 5 mentioned for Brazil: H. commersonii Monnier shared with the Cono Sur, and all remaining endemics.
Jungia (Asteraceae - 2/29) - genus with 30 spp., one only in Mexico, one from Mexico to South America, and 28 only in our continent, but of these only two occur in Brazil, none endemic.
Liabum (Asteraceae - 2/30) - genus with 41 spp., Mexico, Central America, Greater Antilles, and Andes of South America, including here Venezuela and W Brazil, in forests of Acre state. L. acuminatum Rusby was identified from a 1968 collection from Acre, Brazil making it the first confirmed record of the tribe from that country; subsequently, L. amplexicaule Poepp. was recorded from the region.
Mutisia (Asteraceae - 4/65) - South American exclusive genus, 4 spp. occur in Brazil, 2 are endemic and two are also collected for the neighboring countries in Cono Sur.
Onoseris (Asteraceae - 1/29) - O. brasiliensis Cabrera is restricted to outcrops of Mato Grosso state, and the other 32 spp. of this genus occur from Mexico to the Cono Sur on the Pacific side of the New World, 29 of them in South America.
Pentacalia (Asteraceae - 2/225) - of the 223 spp. of this genus, 208 are restricted to the Andes from Venezuela to Colombia; 17 go to Mexico or the Caribbean from South America; one goes from there to the Cono Sur; the only two exceptions are the two species restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, P. desiderabilis (Vell.) Cuatrec. and P. tropicalis (Cabrera) C.Jeffrey.
Tagetes (Asteraceae - 1/29) - 51 spp. in New World, 29 in South America, only T. ostenii Hicken in Brazil, also in Cono Sur and Bolivia.
Burmeistera (Campanulaceae - 1/110) - 134 spp., from Honduras to Peru and Venezuela, highly centered in Colombia and Ecuador, 110 in South America, 76 in Colombia, 51 in Ecuador, only two up to Peru and one in Brazil, (B. ramosa E.Wimm.=)B. pallida (Drake) E.Wimm., collected in Mount Neblina.
Centropogon (Campanulaceae - 1/195) - 211 spp. over Neotropics, from southern Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil, 195 in South America, two in the Lesser Antilles; only the widespread C. cornutus (L.) Druce occur in Brazil.
Oreopanax (Araliaceae - 2/114) - 141 spp. over mountainous areas of Neotropics, especially above 1,500 m in the Andes; only two spp. in E Brazil, O. fulvus (Jacq.) Decne. & Planch. endemic and O. capitatus Marchal, ranging from S Mexico to Brazil.
Sciodaphyllum (Araliaceae - 6/120) - 143 spp., 19 restricted of Costa Rica and Panamá, 4 only Caribbean, 2 in both South and Central America (or Caribbean), and remaining 118 only in South America, with high diversities in Colombia (58), Ecuador (32), Venezuela (25), Panamá (21), Peru (23) and Bolivia (12); wide range of humid or seasonally moist habitats, from sea level to nearly 3500 m elevation. 6 spp. in Brazil, none endemics and shared with only Venezuela except S. sprucei Seem. shared with Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.
07⋅09⋅2023 ‣ inclusion of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae, SEE).
06⋅08⋅2023 ‣ inclusion of Monopyle (Gesneriaceae).04⋅04⋅2023 ‣ updates in Magnolia (Magnoliaceae).
04⋅04⋅2023 ‣ addition of Cipuropsis., updates in Dendrophthora and Pentacalia.