Genera not endemic to Brazil but with 7:9 (77,77%) or more of their diversity restricted to Brazilian territory - 56 in total. Some remarkable are hardly on this list, such as Cantinoa (69,29%), Leptolobium (72,7%), Campomanesia (73,3%), Vriesea (73,5%), Aspilia (74,28%), Davilla (75,8%), Discocactus, Martianthus, Leptotes, Herpetacanthus, Rhabdocaulon, Hoehnea, Gaylussacia and Homalolepis, these with 75%.
The highest percentages of endemism are Barbacenia (99,009%), Pleroma (98,83%), Diplusodon (97,8%), Comanthera (97%), Marcetia (96,96%), Microlicia (96,44%), Hohenbergia (96,07%), Vellozia (95,76%), Chresta (94,1%), Leiothrix (94%), Huberia (94%), Neomarica (93,5%) and Eremanthus (91,6%).
The largest on the list, all with more than 100 spp., are Paepalanthus (477), Microlicia (281), Dyckia (219), Pleroma (170), Vellozia (113) and Barbacenia (101).
It is worth mentioning that Monimiaceae stands out for having 44 of the 48 spp. native to Brazil endemic to our country, and Wittmackia (Bromeliaceae) with 26 Brazilian endemics within their 27 Brazilian natives.
In parentheses, Brazilian endemic species ✕ total genus.
Barbacenia (Velloziaceae - 100 ✕ 101) - almost endemic to Brazilian Plateau, highly centered in Espinhaço Range of Minas Gerais state (74 spp. in this state, also in mountains and coast of Espirito Santo), only 6 reaching to NE region (only in Bahia state), 10-12 into West Center region, and one into S region (Parana state, endemic), three only in Tocantins state, and one only single spp., B. celiae Maguire, restricted of S Venezuela (Cerro Yavi) and West Roraima state, common on conglomerate outcrop, northwest escarpment of Serra Tepequem, 860-960 m alt.
Vellozia (Velloziaceae - 113 ✕ 118) - the five non enemics to Brazil are V. andina Ibisch, Vasquez & Nowicki, unique in Andean region, endemic to Bolivia; V caruncularis Mart ex. Seub., V sellowii Seub and V variabilis Mart., known in Brazil and Bolivia, mainly Noel Kempff National Park and vicinities; and V tubiflora Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f., very widespread in over range of genus.
Neomarica (Iridaceae - 29 ✕ 30) -
Cattleya (Orchidaceae - 111 ✕ 138) - a centenary bigger in Laelinae: fully South American except one sp. in Costa Rica; 119 spp. in Brazil.
Gomesa (Orchidaceae - 106 ✕ 124) - a centenary bigger in Oncidinae: only 4 Brazilian absents; occur also in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, with 2-3 outliers in Colombia and Venezuela.
Pabstiella (Orchidaceae - 106 ✕ 120) - a centenary bigger in Pleurothallidinae, and exclusive of tropical South America; only four species absents in Brazil.
Miltonia (Orchidaceae - 11 ✕ 12) - only one species outside Brazil: a Brazilian up to Paraguay and Argentina.
Phymatidium (Orchidaceae - 9 ✕ 10) - 10 spp. found in SE Brazil; one sp. edges into Uruguay and another into Argentina and Paraguay.
Zygopetalum (Orchidaceae - 12 ✕ 14) - all spp. from Brazil, two also ranging to Paraguay, northern Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Syagrus (Arecaceae - 58 ✕ 74) - 73 spp. occur in South American (the exception is Caribbean), mainly in Brazil (67, 58 endemics).
Dichorisandra (Commelinaceae - 41 ✕ 52) - 52spp., highly centered in Brazil: one only in Central America and Mexico, six from Guianas up Bolivia outside Brazil, 4 in Brazil and other countries (including the very widespread D. hexandra (Aubl.) C.B. Clarke), and remaining 41 endemics to Brazil.
Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae - 33 ✕ 34) - 34 spp., all in Brazil, only C. kegeliana (Körn.) Moldenke outside, up to Venezuela and Guyana.
Leiothrix (Eriocaulaceae - 47 ✕ 50) - the the unique outsiders are L. flavescens (Bong.) Ruhland occurs in Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru and Colombia, L. celiae Moldenke is exclusively to Venezuela and L. arechavaletae Ruhland is restricted for Cono Sur.
Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae - 242 ✕ 257) - all spp. endemics to Brazil - largely restricted to the rocky grasslands (campos rupestres) of the Espinhaço Range and adjacent mountains, with few species in the Serra da Mantiqueira complex, and in Atlantic sandy coastal shrublands (restingas) - except by 15 spp., all in subg. Platycaulon, one of them in Brazil and Peru (P. planifolius (Bong.) Körn.), and 14 fully absents, from Costa Rica to Peru and Venezuela, all in Colombia except one endemic to Peru (SEE).
Dyckia (Bromeliaceae - 185 ✕ 219) - a larger xeric genus from N Peru, N Chile, and center Bolivia to center Argentina, SE Bolivia, mainly Brazil (197) over Paraguay and Uruguay, and vast area in N Argentina, mainly xeric in dry areas.
Hohenbergia (Bromeliaceae - 50 ✕ 52) - the unique outsiders of Brazil are H. stellata Schult. & Schult.f. in Trinidad-Tobago to Venezuela, Curaçao, Martinique and NE Brazil, and H. andina Betancur endemic to Colombia.
Colanthelia (Poaceae - 9 ✕ 10) - all species are endemic to SE & S Brazil except C. rhizantha (Hack.) McClure in Missiones Province in adjacent NE Argentina.
Merostachys (Poaceae - 50 ✕ 58) - one spp. occur only in Mexico, another only Central America, one from Brazil and Central America, 56 only South America, 52 in Brazil, 49 endemics (two shared Argentina and Paraguay); others species occur also in Guyana, Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia.
Raddia (Poaceae - 8 ✕ 9) - the unique outsider of Brazil is R. guianensis (Brongn.) Hitchc., from French Guiana, Trinidad and Venezuela, and also NE Brazil.
Saranthe (Marantaceae - 7 ✕ 9) - 9 spp., 8 from Atlantic Forest of SE Brazil, with S. eichleri Petersen up to adjacent Argentina, and S. urceolata Petersen endemic to Peru.
Luetzelburgia (Fabaceae - 11 ✕ 3) - all species in this genus are national endemics: 11 in Brazil, two in Bolivia and one in Colombia.
Zollernia (Fabaceae - 8 ✕ 10) - all species are endemic to Brazil except one shared with Venezuela and one absent, known only in Cono Sur.
Kielmeyera (Calophyllaceae - 48 ✕ 56) - 5 spp. in Brazil up to Bolivia, K. coriacea Mart. & Zucc. in Brazil, Bolívia and Paraguay, Peru and Bolivia one endemic each, and remaining 48 endemics to Brazil.
Castelnavia (Podostemaceae - 5 ✕ 6) - rheophytes from Tocantins River complex (Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso states), two reaching into Minas Gerais and C. pendulosa (C.T. Philbrick & C.P. Bove) C.T. Philbrick & C.P. Bove up to E Bolivia.
Peixotoa (Malpighiales - 26 ✕ 30) - only three Brazilian extends of adjacent Bolivia and Paraguay and one endemic to Paraguay.
Oxossia (Passifloraceae - 15 ✕ 17) - 17 spp. of Brazil, two up to Venezuela and Guyana, mainly in Bahia state.
Algernonia (Euphorbiaceae - 11 ✕ 12) - 12 spp., 11 restricted of dense forests of SE Brazil, centered in Rio de Janeiro state, and A. amazonica (Emmerich) G.L. Webster restricted of Amazon rainforest from Brazil and adjacent Peru in Huanuco departament.
Huberia (Melastomataceae - 32 ✕ 36) - the four Brazilian outsiders are all from the Andes of Peru, one of them up to Ecuador.
Marcetia (Melastomataceae - 32 ✕ 33) - the unique Brazilian outsider is M. taxifolia (A. St.-Hil.) DC., also found from Colombia to Guyana.
Microlicia (Melastomataceae - 271 ✕ 281) - no endemics to Brazil are M. benthamiana Triana ex Cogn. in Roraima state, Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana, M. windschii Versiane, D.Nunes & R. Romero in Bolivia and Brazil, and endemics in Venezuela (1), Peru (2), Bolivia (2) and Colombia (1).
Pleroma (Melastomataceae - 165 ✕ 172) - besides the extraordinary number of Brazilian endemics, this genus has one spp. only in Ecuador and Peru, another endemic to Bolivia and more five also inside Brazil, these up to Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Guianas, Bolívia and Central America.
Diplusodon (Lythraceae - 91 ✕ 93) - a Brazilian savannic genus, almost all endemic to center Brazil (all states with cerrado vegetation except Paraná and Pará, the largest number as micro-endemics of a single mountain, but centered in dry areas and savannas in Espinhaço Range), except by two, both also reported for Brazil, in adjacent E Bolivia, D. virgatus Pohl, unique white flowered spp. of this genus, and D. bolivianus T.B. Cavalc. & S.A. Graham, first record of this genus outside Brazil, described in 1996.
Metrodorea (Rutaceae - 5 ✕ 6) - 6 spp., all in Brazil and endemic within, except M. flavida K. Krause, which also occur in adjacent Bolivia, Peru and Guianas.
Monteiroa (Malvaceae - 10 ✕ 11) - 11 spp., all restricted of S Brazil, except by M. glomerata (Hook. & Arn.) Krapov. in adjacent NE Argentina.
Cathedra (Aptandraceae - 5 ✕ 6) - 6 spp. from Brazil (5 endemics), with C. acuminata (Benth.) Miers up to Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Guianas.
Tacinga (Cactaceae - 9 ✕ 10) - all species of Tacinga occur and are endemic to E Brazil except T. lilae Trujillo & Marisela, endemic to Venezuela.
Minaria (Apocynaceae - 19 ✕ 22) - genus with one spp. only in Bolivia, two from Brazil to Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay, and 19 endemics to Brazil, most of then are confined to small areas of rocky grasslands in the Espinhaço Range, mainly in its Minas Gerais portion.
Peplonia (Apocynaceae - 11 ✕ 14) - outsiders: one from Venezuela and Guyana, P. adnata (E. Fourn.) U. C. S. Silva & Rapini from Brazil, Peru and Bolivia, one in Brazil and Guianas, and remaining 11 spp. endemics to Brazil.
Nephradenia (Apocynaceae - 4 ✕ 5) - all species endemic to Brazil except by N. linearis Benth. ex E. Fourn. also in Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia and Guianas.
Declieuxia (Rubiaceae - 24 ✕ 28) - 28 spp., all restricted of Brazil, except two up to Bolivia, one to Venezuela and Guyana, and D. fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze widely distributed neotropics.
Sinningia (Gesneriaceae - 79 ✕ 93) - 93 spp. (9 Vanhouttea s.s., 6 Paliavana s.s.), from C America to northern Argentina, but highly centered in E & southern Brazil - 91, 79 endemics, 6 up to Cono Sur, only S. tubiflora (Hook.) Fritsch (Argentina and Uruguay) and S. sulcata (Rusby) Wiehler (highly rare, Bolivia) are absent in Brazil; S. incarnata (Aubl.) D.L. Denham is the only species occurring naturally north of Panamá: its range extends into Mexico.
Cyanocephalus (Lamiaceae - 22 ✕ 27) - 21 spp. mainly in savannas of C Brazil (cerrado), two extending to Paraguay and Bolivia (with C. poliodes (Briq. ex Micheli) Harley & J.F.B. Pastore endemic to Paraguai), and C. pedalipes (Griseb.) Harley & J.F.B. Pastore endemic to Cuba.
Eriope (Lamiaceae - 30 ✕ 32) - all species endemics to Brazil except E. macrostachya Mart. ex Benth. and E. crassipes Benth., both extending into Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, and Paraguay.
Hypenia (Lamiaceae - 20 ✕ 25) - of the 25 spp., H. violacea Mart. Gord. & S. Valencia is endemic to Mexico and 23 occur in Brazil, 19 endemics; H. salzmannii (Benth.) Harley extends rarely into the foothills of some of the tepuis of the Eastern Guayana Highlands; H. glauca (A. St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Harley, H. macrosiphon (Briq.) Harley and H. reticulata (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley reaches from Brazil to Bolivia and Paraguay.
Hyptidendron (Lamiaceae - 18 ✕ 22) - genus from E Brazil to Mato Grosso and Rondônia, with three species extending into E Bolivia, and H. arboreum (Benth.) Harley has a disjunct distribution in the Guiana Highlands, in Colombia and on the Peru/Bolivia border.
Medusantha (Lamiaceae - 7 ✕ 8) - the unique Brazilian outsider is M. eriophylla (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B. Pastore up to E Bolivia.
Oocephalus (Lamiaceae - 21 ✕ 22) - 22 spp., all in Brazil and endemic except O. oppositiflorus (Schrank) Harley & J.F.B. Pastore is spreading into disturbed habitats and has a wider distribution, also extending into E Bolivia.
Athenaea (Solanaceae - 13 ✕ 14) - 14 spp., 13 endemics to S Brazil and A. fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann reaching into adjacent Argentina, disjunct N Bolivia with populations also in Acre state.
Chresta (Asteraceae - 16 ✕ 17) - 17 spp., 16 endemic to Brazil, mainly in northeastern, C. exsucca DC. also in dry areas in E Bolivia.
Dasycondylus (Asteraceae - 7 ✕ 8) - one is restricted to Peru and Bolivia; the remaining 7 spp. of this genus are endemic to Brazil.
Eremanthus (Asteraceae - 22 ✕ 24) - 24 spp. from SE to NE Brazil, two of them (E. mattogrossensis Kuntze and E. rondoniensis MacLeish & T. Schumach.) reaching into E Bolivia.
Grazielia (Asteraceae - 8 ✕ 10) - 10 spp. from Brazil, two also in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Stifftia (Asteraceae - 5 ✕ 6) - the single non Brazilian endemic species is S. cayenense H.Rob. & B.Kahn, endemic to French Guiana.
Symphyopappus (Asteraceae - 13 ✕ 14) - S. apurimacense H.Rob. is endemic to Peru; the 13 remaining species of this genus are endemic to E Brazil, mainly in forests.
RECENT INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
06⋅08⋅2023 ‣ updates in Dyckia (Bromeliaceae) and Microlicia (Melastomataceae).
30⋅04⋅2023 ‣ updates in Syagrus (Arecaceae, SEE).
29⋅04⋅2023 ‣ inclusion of Cora (Eriocaulaceae) and update in Paepalanthus, by taxonomic updates in Paepalanthoideae (SEE).
04⋅04⋅2023 ‣ exclusion of Madisonia (Orchidaceae) by change in proportion.